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Wheelchair Ramp Design and Construction A wheelchair ramp can be a valuable tool to aid your loved ones live more independently at home. However, if they aren't designed correctly they could be unsafe to use. ADA regulations require level landings on any changes in direction to prevent compound slopes. They must also provide an accessible surface for wheelchair users. Design The ramp's design should be in line with the Americans with Disabilities Act standards to allow wheelchairs to maneuver the structure with ease. The ramp's slope shouldn't exceed a 1:12 ratio and the landings must be level in any change of direction or shift in the ramp surface. It must also be constructed from treated lumber which is more durable than untreated and can withstand the effects of rain better. The top and bottom of the ramp must be free of obstacles such as trees, bushes or other structures that can hinder the safe movement of the ramp's user. Additionally the ramp's surface must be smooth and non-slip. Certain municipalities require the use of an anti-slip surface running along the entire length of the ramp. For the ramp frame choose treated lumber that is at minimum four inches wide. Make posts to support the ramp, ensuring they are at least eight feet apart and that they extend below the level of the ground. The posts should then connect with the ramp's railings by using spindles. This type of connection is preferred because it minimizes the risk of a ramp operator falling off the side of the ramp. Then, construct the frame for the ramp using Joists that are at minimum 16 inches long and beams that measure 2 by 4 inches. Make sure that the joists are at a minimum of 18 inches above ground level and that they are secured with Joist hangers which are nails that grip the inside of the joists to prevent them from sliding off the ground. Attach the ramp decking with a framing nailer. Add an upper landing to the doorway to ensure the wheelchair-bound occupants are able to easily maneuver the doorswing. This landing should provide 12 to 24 inches on the handle side of doors that out-swing. The landing for doors with in-swinging should be 58 x 60 inches in order to accommodate the threshold of the door and a wheelchair user who needs to reverse through the doorway. Install a level landing at any alteration in the direction of the ramp to prevent the necessity for wheelchairs to hit on their brakes while turning corners. A level landing is easier to move a ramp out of the way when needed, so that equipment such as lawnmowers can move under it. Materials Concrete, wood or aluminium can be used to construct a wheelchair ramp. A professional ramp installation company can help you decide which is best for your home or business. It is crucial to think about your specific needs and budget when choosing the materials for the ramp. The ramp should be easy to maintain, and it should be safe to use. Certain cities require that the ramp be paved with a non-slip surface. Be sure to check with your local government for permits before you begin building or purchasing any materials. Also, make portable ramps wheelchair to adhere to all local building codes. Making use of the incorrect materials or methods of construction could result in hazardous conditions for wheelchair users. You can find the most current information on construction requirements at your local government's building department office or library, or on the internet. Wood ramps are often the least expensive alternative for ADA ramp materials. However they need more maintenance. The surface of wood ramps must be regularly treated with a sealer to avoid rot and warping. Wood can splinter and be hazardous for those using wheelchairs. Wood ramps can also need extra support to keep the structure in place. Concrete ramps are extremely durable and last for a long time, but they can be costly. They are heavy, which means more labor is required to install them, and they can make it difficult to move the ramp when it is no longer required. Concrete ramps are sturdy enough to withstand the weight of power wheelchairs. Aluminum ramps are lighter and less expensive than steel or concrete. They also have the same durability, strength, and resistance to corrosion. They are also less expensive than steel and iron which makes them a great option for people on a tight budget. Aluminum is also eco-friendly, since it is found naturally in the Earth's crust, and can be recycled. The ramp's upper landing needs to be level, or within 3/8 inches of the threshold of the door in order for wheelchairs with smaller wheels to go over the ramp without becoming stuck. Ramps with gaps higher than this conform to ADA standards. Also, ensure that the ramp transitions smoothly between the upper landing and the ground. The final section of the ramp should have a beveled edge that will prevent wheelchairs from stopping abruptly when they leave or enter a house. Installation A wheelchair ramp is a sloped plane ramp that can be used as an alternative to or in addition to stairs. It allows wheelchair users, as well as those who use strollers or carts to reach areas that are otherwise difficult to access. There are many factors to consider when choosing a ramp for a wheelchair such as height, location and cost. Ideally, a ramp should be located near the door as possible to help prevent unnecessary transportation. It should be set at a level that is easy to use by the person using it. It should also be anchored to the ground and free of obstructions like trees or parked cars. ADA regulations require ramps to have handrails on either side. The rails should be at minimum 36” apart and have a smooth or rounded gripping surface. Additionally, they should be affixed to the ramp and extend at least 12 inches over the edge of the ramp. Handrails must be continuous when the ramp is constructed with switchbacks or an L-shaped layout. The length of the ramp is determined by the incline. However there are a few standard ramp types which are suitable for all situations. For instance the threshold ramp is right on the edge of a curb or at the threshold of a doorway, while ramps that are portable can be moved from one spot to another and are available in many different sizes. There are also modular aluminum ramps that can be constructed on-site. These are often used for public or commercial areas and are typically longer than the threshold and portable ramps. If you are considering a permanent ramp, make sure to check with your city's building department to determine if you require an approval. It's recommended to consult with a mobility specialist to find out what type ramp will be the most suitable for your requirements and the space that you have. In some cases the installation of permanent ramps can boost the value of your home. Maintenance It is important to keep your ramp for wheelchairs in good condition especially if it will be used often. You'll need to conduct regular inspections, and correct any structural issues as they develop. This will help ensure that the ramp is compliant with all ADA requirements and is safe for all users. Regular cleaning of wooden ramps is required to remove debris and dirt that can block access. Cleaning the ramp regularly will also stop moisture from trapping under the surface and causing decay. Stains and wood preservatives only work when the ramp is clean before application. Wheelchair ramps are more challenging to maintain than other types of ramps because they are more susceptible to wear and wear and tear. The most important thing is to make sure you have the proper tools for the job. To make sure that all fixings are secure and secure you'll need a good set of screwdrivers and gauge spanners. It is also important to regularly inspect the handrails for signs corrosion or damage. Over time, and with repeated use, it's not uncommon for some of the bolts or fittings that are anchored the handrails to come loose. This can pose a safety concern for anyone who uses the ramp. It is also essential to ensure that the surface of the ramp is grippy enough, especially in winter when conditions can be challenging. You'll need to sweep up any dirt, leaves or other debris that could obstruct and cause slippage. You'll also need to apply an ice melt that is non-corrosive on the ramp surface to prevent slips and injuries. If you're planning on using your ramp throughout the winter months, you should consider purchasing traction wheels or “snow tires” for your wheelchair. They're specifically designed to offer better tracking on snow and uneven surfaces and are therefore more efficient than standard wheelchair tires at helping you stay on the ramp. You can also use heating tape or pads to melt the ice and snow on the ramp before it gets too much.